Today, at COP30, Oil Change International released a new report, Behind the Barrel: An update on the origins of Israel’s fuel supplydetailing the global fuel shipments fueling Israel’s genocide in Gaza.
The report tracks more than 21 million tons of crude oil and refined fuel delivered to Israel between November 2023 and October 2025, including jet fuel used in military aircraft. The data shows that Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Russia and the United States were among the largest suppliers of oil and refined products during this period. While direct shipments from Brazil appear to end in early 2024, Evidence indicates Brazilian crude may have continued to reach Israel indirectly through the Italian Saruc refinery in Sardinia.
Key findings:
- 25 countries delivered 323 shipments of crude oil and refined products to Israel, with a total of 21.2 million tons.
- It supplies about 70% of crude oil to Azerbaijan (via Türkiye) and Kazakhstan (via Russia).
- Russia was the largest supplier of refined fuels, accounting for nearly half of all refined products.
- The United States was the sole supplier of JP-8 military aviation fuel used by Israeli military aircraft.
- Other crude oil suppliers include Brazil, Gabon and Nigeria.
- Refined fuel also came from Greece. Italy and Cyprus.
Some countries continued to ship fossil fuels to Israel even after the International Court of Justice ruled that Israel’s actions were illegal. illegaland A United Nations Commission He concluded that Israel committed genocide in Gaza. By supporting Israeli military operations that More than 67,000 Palestinians were killed, including more than 20,000 childrenStates risk becoming complicit in genocide under international law under the Genocide Convention. As world leaders gather at the 30th Conference of the Parties, Behind the barrel It reveals the deadly links between fossil fuel suppliers and international conflict.
Data:
Bronwyn Tucker, of International Oil Change, said:
“Governments have allowed fuel supplies to Israel, even after it became clear that Israel was committing genocide in Gaza, a finding that is now supported by a UN committee. States have a moral and legal obligation to immediately end these fuel flows. The same fossil fuel system that is driving the climate crisis is also leading to war, occupation and genocide. At the COP30, as governments negotiate how to phase out fossil fuels, it is essential to confront this reality. Countries must follow the example of people around the world who They refuse that.” For complicity in genocide in Gaza: from unionists blocking shipments to activists demanding accountability.
Muhammad Asraf, Executive Director of the Palestinian Climate Strategy Institute:
““Behind the Barrel” confirms what Palestinians and climate justice movements have long said: fossil fuel supply chains are weapons of war. Governments and companies that continue to trade oil, diesel, and jet fuel with Israel – even through intermediaries – are enabling genocide. Countries must impose total energy embargoes and close the legal loopholes that make collusion profitable. The people must rise up against the complicit states and impose an energy embargo on the people. At the UN Climate Change Conference (COP30), we must define climate leadership, defined only by closing the pipelines of war, not hiding it behind carbon calculations.
Ana Sanchez, General Coordinator of the Global Energy Embargo for Palestine (GEEP), said:
“The fossil fuel industry lies at the heart of today’s global crisis, driving climate collapse, militarism and genocide. The same system that is burning the planet also fuels Israel’s genocidal machine and supports its colonial regime of illegal occupation and apartheid. From oil fields to shipping routes, fossil capitalism turns profit into a power over life itself. At COP30, we remind the world that energy justice is inseparable from liberation: ending these fuel flows is not just a moral imperative, it is also a moral imperative.” It is essential decolonial work, as people everywhere rise up to build a new world order that puts life above the privileges of business as usual.
Power outage said:
“Workers, the true agents of change, have the power to enact and enforce energy embargoes on the people from below. If the port workers on the front lines taking physical action to end genocide cannot differentiate between weapons and energy directed at a settler-colonial entity, then why should we? Today, we must continue the struggle to ensure that our oil serves the people, not empire or genocide.”
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